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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only menu "Executable file formats" config BINFMT_ELF bool "Kernel support for ELF binaries" depends on MMU select ELFCORE default y ---help--- ELF (Executable and Linkable Format) is a format for libraries and executables used across different architectures and operating systems. Saying Y here will enable your kernel to run ELF binaries and enlarge it by about 13 KB. ELF support under Linux has now all but replaced the traditional Linux a.out formats (QMAGIC and ZMAGIC) because it is portable (this does *not* mean that you will be able to run executables from different architectures or operating systems however) and makes building run-time libraries very easy. Many new executables are distributed solely in ELF format. You definitely want to say Y here. Information about ELF is contained in the ELF HOWTO available from <http://www.tldp.org/docs.html#howto>. If you find that after upgrading from Linux kernel 1.2 and saying Y here, you still can't run any ELF binaries (they just crash), then you'll have to install the newest ELF runtime libraries, including ld.so (check the file <file:Documentation/Changes> for location and latest version). config COMPAT_BINFMT_ELF bool depends on COMPAT && BINFMT_ELF select ELFCORE config ARCH_BINFMT_ELF_STATE bool config BINFMT_ELF_FDPIC bool "Kernel support for FDPIC ELF binaries" default y if !BINFMT_ELF depends on (ARM || (SUPERH32 && !MMU) || C6X) select ELFCORE help ELF FDPIC binaries are based on ELF, but allow the individual load segments of a binary to be located in memory independently of each other. This makes this format ideal for use in environments where no MMU is available as it still permits text segments to be shared, even if data segments are not. It is also possible to run FDPIC ELF binaries on MMU linux also. config ELFCORE bool help This option enables kernel/elfcore.o. config CORE_DUMP_DEFAULT_ELF_HEADERS bool "Write ELF core dumps with partial segments" default y depends on BINFMT_ELF && ELF_CORE help ELF core dump files describe each memory mapping of the crashed process, and can contain or omit the memory contents of each one. The contents of an unmodified text mapping are omitted by default. For an unmodified text mapping of an ELF object, including just the first page of the file in a core dump makes it possible to identify the build ID bits in the file, without paying the i/o cost and disk space to dump all the text. However, versions of GDB before 6.7 are confused by ELF core dump files in this format. The core dump behavior can be controlled per process using the /proc/PID/coredump_filter pseudo-file; this setting is inherited. See Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt for details. This config option changes the default setting of coredump_filter seen at boot time. If unsure, say Y. config BINFMT_SCRIPT tristate "Kernel support for scripts starting with #!" default y help Say Y here if you want to execute interpreted scripts starting with #! followed by the path to an interpreter. You can build this support as a module; however, until that module gets loaded, you cannot run scripts. Thus, if you want to load this module from an initramfs, the portion of the initramfs before loading this module must consist of compiled binaries only. Most systems will not boot if you say M or N here. If unsure, say Y. config ARCH_HAS_BINFMT_FLAT bool config BINFMT_FLAT bool "Kernel support for flat binaries" depends on ARCH_HAS_BINFMT_FLAT help Support uClinux FLAT format binaries. config BINFMT_FLAT_ARGVP_ENVP_ON_STACK bool config BINFMT_FLAT_OLD_ALWAYS_RAM bool config BINFMT_FLAT_OLD bool "Enable support for very old legacy flat binaries" depends on BINFMT_FLAT help Support decade old uClinux FLAT format binaries. Unless you know you have some of those say N here. config BINFMT_ZFLAT bool "Enable ZFLAT support" depends on BINFMT_FLAT select ZLIB_INFLATE help Support FLAT format compressed binaries config BINFMT_SHARED_FLAT bool "Enable shared FLAT support" depends on BINFMT_FLAT help Support FLAT shared libraries config HAVE_AOUT def_bool n config BINFMT_AOUT tristate "Kernel support for a.out and ECOFF binaries" depends on HAVE_AOUT ---help--- A.out (Assembler.OUTput) is a set of formats for libraries and executables used in the earliest versions of UNIX. Linux used the a.out formats QMAGIC and ZMAGIC until they were replaced with the ELF format. The conversion to ELF started in 1995. This option is primarily provided for historical interest and for the benefit of those who need to run binaries from that era. Most people should answer N here. If you think you may have occasional use for this format, enable module support above and answer M here to compile this support as a module called binfmt_aout. If any crucial components of your system (such as /sbin/init or /lib/ld.so) are still in a.out format, you will have to say Y here. config OSF4_COMPAT bool "OSF/1 v4 readv/writev compatibility" depends on ALPHA && BINFMT_AOUT help Say Y if you are using OSF/1 binaries (like Netscape and Acrobat) with v4 shared libraries freely available from Compaq. If you're going to use shared libraries from Tru64 version 5.0 or later, say N. config BINFMT_EM86 tristate "Kernel support for Linux/Intel ELF binaries" depends on ALPHA ---help--- Say Y here if you want to be able to execute Linux/Intel ELF binaries just like native Alpha binaries on your Alpha machine. For this to work, you need to have the emulator /usr/bin/em86 in place. You can get the same functionality by saying N here and saying Y to "Kernel support for MISC binaries". You may answer M to compile the emulation support as a module and later load the module when you want to use a Linux/Intel binary. The module will be called binfmt_em86. If unsure, say Y. config BINFMT_MISC tristate "Kernel support for MISC binaries" ---help--- If you say Y here, it will be possible to plug wrapper-driven binary formats into the kernel. You will like this especially when you use programs that need an interpreter to run like Java, Python, .NET or Emacs-Lisp. It's also useful if you often run DOS executables under the Linux DOS emulator DOSEMU (read the DOSEMU-HOWTO, available from <http://www.tldp.org/docs.html#howto>). Once you have registered such a binary class with the kernel, you can start one of those programs simply by typing in its name at a shell prompt; Linux will automatically feed it to the correct interpreter. You can do other nice things, too. Read the file <file:Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst> to learn how to use this feature, <file:Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst> for information about how to include Java support. and <file:Documentation/admin-guide/mono.rst> for information about how to include Mono-based .NET support. To use binfmt_misc, you will need to mount it: mount binfmt_misc -t binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc You may say M here for module support and later load the module when you have use for it; the module is called binfmt_misc. If you don't know what to answer at this point, say Y. config COREDUMP bool "Enable core dump support" if EXPERT default y help This option enables support for performing core dumps. You almost certainly want to say Y here. Not necessary on systems that never need debugging or only ever run flawless code. endmenu